20 Common Law Internship On-Campus Interview Questions

20 Common Law Internship On-Campus Interview Questions The nearby meeting (OCI): It has a foreboding ring to it, perhaps due to loathsomeness stories told by other graduate school understudies, possibly as a result of the strain to progress admirably. Practically all graduate schools offer some kind of nearby meeting toward the beginning of the understudies second year. Despite the fact that your whole future may not hold tight the achievement of your OCI, you certainly need to do alright to continue to the subsequent stage: the callback meet. On the off chance that you deal with that, your future will for sure be brighter.â You can do this, and you can do it well. Truth be told, you can expert it with the correct planning and in the event that you comprehend what's in store going in. The OCI Regardless of its name, the OCI might really happen nearby, however in an inn gathering room or another open office. Its not with graduate school work force, but instead with delegates of a portion of the chief law offices in the zone even some outside the territory. Theyre searching for the ideal understudies to staff their mid year partner programs. What's more, indeed, that will look wonderful on your resume regardless of whether your meeting doesnt at last outcome in a summerâ position, which is, obviously, your definitive goal.â Your gatherings arent irregular. You should apply to your focused on firms first, and the firm will no doubt get a great deal of offers. The firm at that point picks who it needs to meet from among these offers. On the off chance that youre picked and on the off chance that you progress admirably, youll be welcomed back for that callback talk with, which will doubtlessly bring about a late spring activity offer.â What Happens in the Law School Interview? Readiness implies realizing what inquiries addresses you can most likely anticipate. Only one out of every odd meeting goes a similar way, obviously, so you could possibly be asked all the accompanying inquiries. In a most dire outcome imaginable, you wont be solicited any from them. However, you ought to in any event have answers arranged for these so youre not found napping, and you can utilize them for thoughts to stretch out into other potential inquiries so you can get ready for those, too.â For what reason did you go to law school?Are you getting a charge out of graduate school? What do you like/detest about it?What classes do you appreciate/dislike?Do you feel youre getting a decent legitimate education?If you could return and conclude whether to go to graduate school again, OK do it?Do you feel your GPA and additionally class rank is illustrative of your lawful abilities?Why do you think youd make a decent lawyer?What is your greatest weakness?Do you like dealing with your own or on a team?How do you handle criticism?What is your proudest achievement?Where do you see yourself in 10 years?Do you see yourself as competitive?What have you gained from work encounters/understudy activities?Have you at any point pulled back from a class?What do you think about this firm?Why would you like to work at this firm?What regions of law intrigue you most?What sorts of books do you like to read?Do you have any inquiries? The last one can be dubious, yet you are absolutely qualified for pose a couple of inquiries of your own, so plan for that chance too.

Famous All Over Town by Danny Santiago Essay -- Famous All

Each individual has times throughout their life where they feel segregated and alone. At the point when this occurrs an individual will look for approaches to associate or feel significant.. The individual will do anything they can to be seen and acknowledged. In the novel, Famous All Over Town, by Danny Santiago the fundamental character, Chato, has numerous motivations to feel forlorn. In pretty much every part of his life he is being let down somehow. He needs to attempt to manage a family near the very edge of self-destructing, he needs to go to a school which doesn't show anything fun, and he has companions that are a terrible impact on him. The tale uncovers how he needs to persevere through hardships, a large portion of us don't have, to get past a day. Before the finish of the novel the peruser starts to comprehend why Chato begins to compose on structures all over town. For most people the house is a safe trustworthy condition when the world is by all accounts undermining. In a perfect world, relatives bolster each other. This isn't the situation with Chato. His house is where he feels the most disconnected. One explanation he may feel along these lines is a result of the considerable number of privileged insights that are being kept in his home. What irritates Chato the most is the mystery his sister, Lena, is keeping from everybody except their mom. He needs to know from his sister the personality of the man who is concealing his bag in their shed. She deceives Chato and discloses to him that the man is only a companion, yet Chato discovers reality. At the point when he does, Lena isn't content with him and she says, Your're a snot nosed metiche. Escape my life. She proceeds, And don't anticipate that me should kiss your ass!'É..'Go ahead and tell my dad you nark baby.'(l0l) Maybe if the family was increasingly steady of each other they wouldn 't think that its important to keep se... ...him down. She may have composed more sections on every one of her primary concerns. There are a lot more models in the novel. She had all the more altogether EXPLAINED how every one of the immediate citations and circumstances she utilized demonstrated that Chato was being let down and how he felt about it. The peruser could have increased MORE knowledge into Chato's life. I needed to hear increasingly about the connection among Chato and his family. I needed to find out about WHY his sister was keeping privileged insights, and why Chato was so let somewhere near her considering him a bit nark. everything sounded essentially like common quarreling between a sibling and a sister to me. I needed her to all the more likely clarify WHY Chato was being let down.Overall, I simply needed to know MORE. She expected to build up every one of these models all the more completely. She expected to get more into the sentiments of Chato and disclose them to her peruser. Â

Evaluate how learning strategies have changed and may continue to Essay

Assess how learning methodologies have changed and may keep on changing corresponding to the use of data innovation in schools - Essay Example I have filled in as a film editorial manager and composed film analysis, and I tune in to the radio and every so often sit in front of the TV (my more seasoned child has link). Alongside numerous different associates in the Waldorf development, I have no issue with grown-ups submerging themselves in the realm of innovative marvels.  â â I recollect well that in the mid 1950s when I entered grade school, the visual guides approach which used a film strip projector would alter our instructive experience. At some point from that point forward, Dawn Semester appeared on TV, as an initial phase in the video insurgency that would change instruction in America. Quite a long while later, I was a piece of one of the primary Advanced Placement Physics classes in the country, and our instruction would have been altered through the use of recorded talks by extraordinary physicists communicate over shut circuit TV. I have just survived a few of these electronic upheavals and Ive yet to see anything occurring in standard American training aside from a consistent decrease in quality and assurance among understudies and instructors.  â â I have no clue where the entirety of the old slide projectors went when they were supplanted by shut circuit TVs, or where the TVs went when they were supplanted by PCs, or where the old 386 PCs will go when they are supplanted by interactive media Pentium models, and so forth - however a great deal of corporate promoting divisions are without a doubt extremely upbeat about the lively deals that each new upheaval achieves. I dont feel that Im alone in these worries. In an ongoing article in the Atlantic Monthly, Todd Oppenheimer relates  â â In 1922 Thomas Edison anticipated that the movie is bound to upset our instructive framework and ... in a couple of years it will override to a great extent, if not so much, the utilization of course readings. Twenty after three years, in 1945, William Levenson, the chief of the Cleveland state funded schools

Essay Writing - Consider The Help Of An Expert

Essay Writing - Consider The Help Of An ExpertAlthough it is not absolutely necessary to write your own English essay samples, there are many things you can do to prepare yourself for the task ahead. Most of these articles will show you how to write a great first draft, and some of the tips will give you some ideas of where to begin with your second and third drafts.Essays are written to present a thesis statement. The task is difficult enough, and you will want to write an essay that is concise and to the point. The help of an expert is highly recommended before you begin writing, so that you know the correct format.The introduction to your essay should start off in a compelling manner. It should bring your readers into the novel by explaining the topic at hand. After the introduction is done, you can move on to information that will be used to support the thesis statement.A good starting point for the introduction should include a few interesting factoids. However, before you jump into your main points, you should consider all of the information available to you. Since each essay varies, the information you provide will have to depend on the type of essay you are writing. For example, if you are writing a history essay, you may need more information on military history, so you may want to include some information on soldiers.Finally, the body of your essay will need to include all of the most important information and to support your thesis statement. With your introduction, facts, and data, you can get your reader interested and make them want to read further.If you are looking for information on your own essay samples, you can go to sites like dvtonline.com, or search online. Or, you can also find out more about the topic of your essay from a resource such as Wikipedia. There are a lot of resources available for you to learn more about this topic.The whole body of your essay should include compelling information. When writing a complete essay, you will want to include everything that is needed. The advice that was given in this article should help you to write your essay samples and make sure that they are as effective as possible.

Management Virtual Organisation Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 23 Words: 6973 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Differences between people within any given nation or culture are much greater than differences between groups. Education, social standing, religion, personality, belief structure, past experience, affection shown in the home, and a myriad of other factors will affect human behaviour and culture. Culture is a set of beliefs that a group of people share. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Management Virtual Organisation Business Essay" essay for you Create order And as such it is important where ever a number of people get together. And the business environment is no exception. In order to ensure that people work together efficiently and together towards your business objectives in a positive and motivating environment, managers need to be aware of the existence and importance of both a corporate culture and international culture. Corporate Culture The corporate culture develops subconsciously and often owners or senior managers are not even aware about them. Companys employees adjust to a certain way of working and new staff is being taught to adjust to this culture. This doesnt necessarily having knowingly, but by watching colleagues or noticing their reaction on certain actions, a new member of the team quickly learns what is acceptable and what is not. If you are aware of it or not, every company has a corporate culture. And to understand it, is quite important. Globalization:- At economic level, globalization is the process of denationalization of markets, politics and legal systems; it is the rise of global economy. Many international organizations, governmental institutions and the whole academic world discuss the consequences of this political and economic restructuring on local economies, human welfare and environment. It is one of the most important features of present world. At a business level, the process of globalization is when companies decide to take part in the emerging global economy and establish themselves in foreign markets. They adapt their products or services to the linguistic and cultural requirements of different nations. Then, they might take advantage of the Internet revolution and establish a virtual presence on the international marketplace. More and more companies do their business online. E-commerce has changed traditional business practices by providing direct international access to information and products. Some econo mists agree that globalization has also cultural and ecological connotations, and that it is not only political or economic phenomenon. It means that countries all over the world become interdependent in many possible ways. There is probably no area of human activities left that is not affected by globalization. We listen to the same music, eat the same food, wear the same clothes, and decide ecological and war and peace issues together. But I think that the core sense of globalization is economic. In recent years more and more economic activity in the world seems to be taking place between people who live in different countries (rather than in the same country). It takes different forms, like international trade, growth of import and export, foreign investments, foreign loans and bonds, and many others. Economic globalization has different consequences on businesses all over the world and influences almost every other sphere of human life. Globalization has potential benefits on the one hand, and costs or risks on the other. Globalization increases economic development and reduces poverty. More essays on globalisation. Globalization makes us vulnerable to changes all over the world. For example the huge market or foreign goods in the United States creates jobs overseas and keeps foreign workers employed. Similarly, the health of the U.K. economy depends on how well British products sell in foreign countries. Theories of Globalization Waltz contends that we view globalization at interdependence, and that interdependence is again associated with peace and peace increasingly with democracy. People, firms, markets matter more; states matter less, because it is the economy that drives states to make decisions. As the world becomes more interdependent on one another, decisions are made as a collective whole in the economic field, not the independent political state. In many ways, Waltz suggests that Globalism is really Americanism spread around the globe. As the Cold War ended, it become clearer that the ideology that won out, a capitalist democracy was the winner and dominant ideology. The theology behind it was that if a country is not transparent, with a flexible free market, then it will crumble. To Waltz, globalization also means homogeneity: of prices, products, rates of interests, etc. But could this not also translate into a homogeny of culture? A strong economy under globalization requires transparency , but then that transparency might transfer ideologically to the social and political realms as well. Waltz argues that this is exemplified in that latecomers imitate the practices and adopt the institution of the countries that have shown the way. The term globalization implies two processes: capitalist production and trade replacing protectionist economies through specialization and globalization of the process of production and an integrated market. This has led to an integration of national economies, where uniformity results across borders, not just economically, but socially As well. The rule of the economies is based in the US, along with Europe and other ruling elites. Stiglitz on the globalize economy According to stiglitz, Globalization is the closer integration of the countries and peoples of the world that brought about by the enormous reduction of costs of transportation and communication, and the breaking down of artificial barriers to the flows of goods, services, capital, knowledge, and people across borders. He also divided the globalization in to following dimension Economic Environmental Political Cultural Stiglitz also refers to Trickle Down economics. This he describes as the notion that economic growth will eventually reach the poor, as the rich spend their increased income. Instead, wealth trickled up to members of narrow interests. Stiglitz describes how Boris Yeltsin created a powerful class of oligarchs and businessmen. The IMF loaned billions to Russia, while political elites benefited from special tax privileges and looted public coffers. Local government officials squeezed private firms so hard that they had no incentive to invest. The pr iorities that the Stiglitz favours are public policies aimed towards maintaining employment, rather than preventing inflation. He also prefers debt restructuring and financial reorganization to liquidation . He disdains fiscal austerity and bailouts, but Instead wants fiscal policy to stimulate the economy through broad based subsidies. He also favours capital controls and some protective tariffs. Roubini on the Globalize Economy According to Roubini, typically there are more firm closures in recessions than in periods of growth, but the difference is very small. We saw firm closures in boom periods as well, for several reasons. Two of the larger factors are: Competition between firms in periods of growth: During a period of high economic growth, some firms still perform better than others. Those high performing ones can often squeeze weaker performing ones out of the marketplace, causing firm closures. Structural changes: High economic growth is often caused by technological improvements. More powerful and useful computers can drive economic growth, but they also spell disaster for companies that manufacture or sell typewriters. Globalization can be considered a structural change just as technological growth is. As such, the resulting job losses and wage reductions fall into the structural category of unemployment that we saw in Would 0% Unemployment Be a Good Thing?: Cyclical Unemployment is d efined as occuring when the unemployment rate moves in the opposite direction as the GDP growth rate. So when GDP growth is small (or negative) unemployment is high. When the economy goes into recession and workers are laid off, we have cyclical unemployment. Frictional Unemployment: The Economics Glossary defines frictional unemployment as unemployment that comes from people moving between jobs, careers, and locations. If a person quits his job as an economics researcher to try and find a job in the music industry, we would consider this to be frictional unemployment. Structural Unemployment: The glossary defines structural unemployment as unemployment that comes from there being an absence of demand for the workers that are available. Structural unemployment is often due to technological change. If the introduction of DVD players causes the sales of VCRs to plummet, many of the people who manufacture VCRs will suddenly be out of work. Overall, He believes the rules arent changing. Weve always had structural unemployment, whether it be from technological change or from plants moving to other locales (such as a chemical factory moving from New Jersey to Mexico, or a car plant moving from Detroit to South Carolina). Overall the net effect of technological growth or increased globalization tends to be positive, but it does create winners and losers, something we must always remain aware of. Hofstede Cultural Dimension and Understating Biography:- Gerard Hendrik Hofstede (born 3 October 1928, Haarlem) is an influential Dutch organizational sociologist, who studied the interactions between national cultures and organizational cultures. He is also an author of several books including Cultures Consequences and Cultures and Organizations, Software of the Mind, co-authored with his son Gert Jan Hofstede. Hofstedes study demonstrated that there are national and regional cultural groupings that affect the behaviour of societies and organizations, and that these are persistent across time. There are five dimensions by Hostede that are as following:- !) PDI- Power Distance Index !) IDV- Individualism !) MAS- Masculinity !) UAI- Uncertainty Avoidance Index !) LTO- Long-Term Orientation 1) That is the so far to which the less powerful members of organizations are able to accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. It also represents difference, but it can be defined from below, not from above. It indicates that a societys level of inequality is supported by the followers as much as by the leaders. Power and inequality, of course, are extremely fundamental facts of any society and anybody with some international experience will be aware that all societies are unequal, but some are more unequal than others. 2) On the one side versus its opposite, collectivism, that is the degree to which individuals are inte-grated into groups. On the individualist side we find societies in which the ties between individuals are loose: everyone is expected to look after him/herself and his/her immediate family. On the collectivist side, we find societies in which people from birth onwards are integrated into strong, cohesive in-groups, often extended families (with unc les, aunts and grandparents) which continue protecting them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty. The word collectivism in this sense has no political meaning: it refers to the group, not to the state. Again, the issue addressed by this dimension is an extremely fundamental one, regarding all societies in the world. 3) Versus its opposite, femininity, refers to the distribution of roles between the genders which is another fundamental issue for any society to which a range of solutions are found. The IBM studies revealed that (a) womens values differ less among societies than mens values; (b) mens values from one country to another contain a dimension from very assertive and competitive and maximally different from womens values on the one side, to modest and caring and similar to womens values on the other. The assertive pole has been called masculine and the modest, caring pole feminine. The women in feminine countries have the same modest, caring values as the men; in the mas culine countries they are somewhat assertive and competitive, but not as much as the men, so that these countries show a gap between mens values and womens values. 4) Deals with a societys tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity; it ultimately refers to mans search for Truth. It indicates to what extent a culture programs its members to feel either uncomfortable or comfortable in unstructured situations. Unstructured situations are novel, unknown, surprising, different from usual. Uncertainty avoiding cultures try to minimize the possibility of such situations by strict laws and rules, safety and security measures, and on the philosophical and religious level by a belief in absolute Truth; there can only be one Truth and we have it. People in uncertainty avoiding countries are also more emotional, and motivated by inner nervous energy. 5) Versus short-term orientation: this fifth dimension was found in a study among students in 23 countries around the world, using a questionna ire designed by Chinese scholars It can be said to deal with Virtue regardless of Truth. Values associated with Long Term Orientation are thrift and perseverance; values associated with Short Term Orientation are respect for tradition, fulfilling social obligations, and protecting ones face. Both the positively and the negatively rated values of this dimension are found in the teachings of Confucius, the most influential Chinese philosopher who lived around 500 B.C.; however, the dimension also applies to countries without a Confucian heritage. Reports on 3 (Three) Companies Tesco Type: Public History:- Jack Cohen founded Tesco in 1919 when he began to sell surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London. The Tesco brand first appeared in 1924. The name came about after Jack Cohen bought a shipment of tea from T.E. Stockwell. He made new labels using the first three letters of the suppliers name (TES), and the first two letters of his surname (CO), forming the word TESCO. The first Tesco store was opened in 1929 in Burnt Oak, Edgware, and Middlesex. Tesco was floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1947 as Tesco Stores (Holdings) Limited. The first self-service store opened in St Albans in 1951 (still operational in 2009 as a Metro), and the first supermarket in Maldon in 1956. During the 1950s and the 1960s Tesco grew organically, and also through acquisitions, until it owned more than 800 stores. The company purchased 70 Williamsons stores (1957), 200 Harrow Stores outlets (1959), 212 Irwins stores (1960, beating Express Dairies Premier Supermarkets to the deal), 97 Charles Phillips stores (1964) and the Victor Value chain (1968) (sold to Bejam in 1986). Originally specialising in food and drink, it has diversified into areas such as clothing, electronics, financial services, telecoms, home, health, car and dental insurance, retailing and renting DVDs, CDs, music downloads, Internet services and software. Mission Creating value for customers, to earn their lifetime loyalty. Cultural understanding of the company There are many different parts of the company like extra, super stores, express, metro, one stop and home plus. They all are very sensitive and aggressive about understanding of the term culture, and also they have to be because United Kingdom is multicultural country. Their way of corresponding with different ethics is difference but the idea and think are the same satisfying the customer. American Eagle Industry type: Retail History:- American Eagle Outfitters is an American clothing and accessories retailer based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1977 by Mark and Jerry Silverman as a subsidiary of Retail Ventures, Inc., a company which also owned and operated Silvermans Menswear. The Silvermans sold their ownership interests in 1991. Recently, American Eagle Outfitters opened its first store outside of North America at Mirdif City Centre in the United Arab Emirates. American Eagle (also stylized as Am. Eagle, A. Eagle, A.E.O, Amer. Eagle, A.E., à ¦, and A.E. Outfitters) targets teens and young adults. Some of the best selling products of American Eagle Outfitters are low-rise jeans, polo shirts, graphic T-shirts (with the AE logo and year established), boxers and briefs, and swimwea. Mission:- To create truly personalized, targeted, and leading-edge marketing, sales, and self-service applications that fosters a dynamic and meaningful rapport with our customers Cultural understanding:- This fashion department at next reflects on fashion as a cultural phenomenon and identifies features of fashion that may be engaged by legal regulation. The aim is to distil the features they have discussed above under the rubric of the zeitgeist theory, which points us to two conditions that exist simultaneously and in relation to one another. They call them differentiation and flocking. Through fashion, people communicate and express themselves. Fashionable individuals personal style is often described as unique or inimitable. If consumers use fashion to express themselves as distinctive individuals, then it is valuable to have available a large range of different identifiers. Fashion goods provide a vocabulary. What consumers might value in fashion then is the availability of a variety of goods to choose from, a proliferation of the number of meanings that can be made. The availability of a variety of different goods enlarges the vocabulary and the meanings that can be commun icated. Rado Type:- Retail History:- Formed in 1917 as Schlup HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schlup__Co.action=editredlink=1HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schlup__Co.action=editredlink=1 Co., Rado initially produced watch movements only. In 1957 the company launched its first collection of watches under the Rado brand. In 1962 the Rado Diastar, the worlds first scratch-proof watch, was launched. It has been in production ever since, now sold as DiaStar the Original. In 1983 Rado became part of the SMH group which was renamed in 1998 as the Swatch Group. Mission:- Our aim is to become a globally recognised fashion supplier to some of the worlds leading companies by offering the highest standard of service, top quality products and cutting edge style at competitive prices. Cultural understanding:- Rado is very keen in managing these requirements by its excellent strategies and also with its fashion Excellency in todays fashionable world that able suits all the culture. Everyone wears clothing and inevitably participates in fashion to some degree. Fashion is also a subject of periodically rediscovered fascination in virtually all the social sciences and the humanities. Primark has provided economic thought with a canonical example in theorizing about consumption and conformity. Primarks Social thinkers have long treated fashion as a window upon social class and social change. TASK 2 DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICE FOR ALTERNATIVE CULTURES AND FORMAL AND INFORMAL MULTICULTURAL RELATIONSHIPS TASK-2 Different Management Culture A big part of the management profession is creating and enforcing policies and procedures. These resources help you do both of these better. Management policy includes following:-  · Technology strategy, collaboration and competition  · Technology transfer and innovation support organizations  · Corporate sustainability, reinvention and renewal  · Process and product innovation and diffusion  · Research management and commercialization  · Cross-cultural management and innovation  · Team building and team management  · Managing creativity and creative teams  · Government innovation policy and regulation for innovation  · Managing and commercializing intellectual property  · Managing virtual teams and environments for innovation  · Managing organizational learning, knowledge and change Recruitment and selection policy The recruitment and selection decision is of prime importance as the vehicle for obtaining the best possible person-to-job fit which will, when aggregated, contribute significantly towards the Companys effectiveness. It is also becoming increasingly important, as the Company evolves and changes, that new recruits show a willingness to learn, adaptability and ability to work as part of a team. The Recruitment Selection procedure should help managers to ensure that these criteria are addressed. The Company Recruitment and Selection Policy at TESCO will: be fair and consistent; be non-discriminatory on the grounds of sex, race, age, religion or disability; Conform to statutory regulations and agreed best practice. Corporate and Social Responsibility Policy Our (TESCO) Core Purpose and Values define the way we do business, how we treat our customers, our people, each other and our suppliers. They help to define our responsibilities to the communities where our business operates and create the culture and environment in which our business strategy continues to deliver strong results. Our philosophy of Every Little Helps underpins these wide-ranging responsibilities. Our Corporate Social Responsibility policy objective is to earn the trust of our customers by acting responsibly in the communities we serve. We recognise our impact on society at all levels and work to maximise the benefits we bring. Customers are at the heart of everything we do. CSR is good for our business and good for the communities where we operate. By building goodwill and trust with our customers, we can earn their lifetime loyalty, which is our core purpose. Corporate Social Responsibility reflects our Values: No one tries harder for customers Understand customers better than anyone Be energetic, be innovative and be first for customers Use our strengths to deliver unbeatable value to our customers Look after our people so they can look after our customers Treat people how we like to be treated All retailers, theres one team ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ The Tesco Team Trust and respect each other Strive to do our very best Give support to each other and praise more than criticise Ask more than tell, and share knowledge so that it can be used Enjoy work, celebrate success and learn from experience Remunerations policy:- The chief executive of Tesco, Britains biggest grocer pocketed a 15 per cent rise in his total pay packet last year, despite a 25 per cent slide in the companys share price. The chief executive of Tesco, Britains biggest grocer pocketed a 15 per cent rise in his total pay packet last year, despite a 25 per cent slide in the companys share price. Sir Terry Leahy saw his total salary and bonus-related perks increase to  £2.83m from  £2.46m the previous year. This came on top of a 53 per cent rise in his remuneration package one year earlier. News of the rise, which is revealed today in Tescos annual report, is certain to fuel the antipathy towards corporate largesse in Britains boardrooms. Shareholders are aiming to force them to scale down exuberant pay awards made amid one of the worst bear markets for decades. Political contribution policy Tesco does not wish to discourage the participation of employees in political and related activities. However you may not make political contributions on Tescos behalf, either directly or indirectly, without the prior written approval of Tescos executive management. Health and safety policy:- Tescos foremost concern is protection of the health and safety of all employees. We have adopted policies and procedures that are aimed at ensuring that Tesco meets or exceed all applicable health and safety laws and regulations as well as prevailing industry standards. They strive to fully implement all safety policies and procedures. Complete compliances with safety policies and procedures require the cooperation and commitment of every employee. Be aware of how the companys health and safety policies apply to you and conduct duties and responsibilities in compliances with these policies. FORMAL AND INFORMAL RELATIONSHIPS Introduction:- A strategic partnership is a formal alliance between two commercial enterprises, usually formalized by one or more business contracts but falls short of forming a legal partnership or, agency, or corporate affiliate relationship. A strategic partnership is a long-term, win-win commitment between two organizations for the purpose of achieving specific business objectives by maximizing the effectiveness of each participants resources. This relationship is based upon integrity, trust, dedication to common goals, and an understanding of each others individual expectations and values. Expected benefits include improved efficiency and cost effectiveness, increased opportunity for innovation, collaboration, and the continuous improvement of quality and services. Virtual teams:- Teams arent what they used to be. The nature of teams has changed significantly because of changes in organizations and the nature of the work they do. Organizations have become more distributed across geography and across industries. Relationships between people inside an organization and those previously considered outside (customers, suppliers, managers of collaborating organizations, other stakeholders) are becoming more important. Organizations have discovered the value of collaborative work. There is a new emphasis on knowledge management harvesting the learning of the experience of members of the organization so that it is available to the whole organization. A virtual team at TESCO will typically be one that is decentralized in a spatial way. It will have employees, customers, and even managers who may be dispersed over a wide region. Some of these organizations may be dispersed for only short periods of time, but when they are dispersed, this occurs within multiple time zones. Virtual teams are also heavily tied to technology, and it is the most cutting edge technology which has led to the advent of groups which are interconnected globally. Virtual management gives employees the option of travelling to their place of work if they wish, or working From To fixed team membership shifting team membership all team members drawn from within the organization team members can include people from outside the organization (clients, collaborators) team members are dedicated 100% to the team most people are members of multiple teams team members are co-located organizationally and geographically team members are distributed organizationally and geographically teams have a fixed starting and ending point teams form and reform continuously teams are managed by a single manager teams have multiple reporting relationships with different parts of the organization at different times Relationship with suppliers:- We have received comments, not only from suppliers of Tesco, but also from our people who work directly with our suppliers. One supplier commented that they view Tesco as a partner whereby their business can benefit by having Tesco as a customer and Tesco recognise the benefit of their business too. They find Tesco to be very fair. They also commented that our customer insight data was valuable to their business. This was recently highlighted in a report by The Food Chain Centre which noted that suppliers benefited because: The information gave them a much better understanding of their market and their customers It helped identify the different types (segments) of customers in their markets They were able to tailor their marketing to meet customer needs They tailored their business or marketing plan to improve their appeal to new customers, be it retailer, wholesaler, merchant or consumer. Robert Wiseman Dairies explained the positive nature of their relationship with supermarkets in their submission to the Competition Commission: A key ingredient in the growth and success of our Company has been the relationships that have been developed with our key supermarket customers, such as Tesco and Sainsburys.Our experience has been that the positive working relationship with these customers has provided us with the confidence to develop our business. Strategic Alliances in Europe: The success of the Tesco shows how far the branding and effective service delivery can come in moving beyond splashing ones logo on a billboard. It had fostered powerful identities by making their retailing concept into a virus and spending it out into the culture via a variety of channels: cultural sponsorship, political controversy, and consumer experience and brand extensions. In a rapidly changing business environment with a high competitors pressure Tesco have to adopt new expansion strategies or diversified the existing in order to sustain its leading market position in an already established retailing market. The company must constantly adapt to the fast changing circumstances. Strategy formulation should therefore be regarded as a process of continuous learning, which includes learning about the goals, the effect of possible actions towards these goals and how to implement and execute these actions. The quality of a formulated strategy and the speed of its implementation will therefore directly depend on the quality of Tescos cognitive and behavioural learning processes. In large organizations as Tesco strategy should be analysed and implemented at various levels within the hierarchy. These different levels of strategy should be related and mutually supporting. Tescos strategy at a corporate level defines the businesses in which Tesco will compete, in a way that focuses resources to convert distinctive competence into competitive advantage. Relationship with costumer:- They are passionate about delivering superior quality, service and choice to our clients and customers: their reputation and the loyalty of our clients and customers depend upon it. The quality and safety of the food and services we provide, and that of our products and processes, is paramount and must never be compromised. They aim to provide a high level of client and customer service at all times. All feedback on their service is recorded and given prompt consideration. All customer and client information is treated as confidential. They never deliberately give inadequate or misleading descriptions of our products or services. No employee may offer or receive or influence others to offer or receive any money or material gift that could be construed as a bribe TESCO relationship with HP:- This relation was made jointly by Tesco and HP at the 2009 PMA Trade Show. The goal as they say, is to provide affordable, convenient photo publishing solutions to customers. Earlier in 2008, Tesco had launched HP Photostations in select stores on a trial basis. This pilot was hugely successful and hence the decision to expand it to all Tesco Extra stores across the United Kingdom. The press release states that the solution that will be implemented is HP Photo Center 4.0, which incorporates HPs Micro lab, Mini lab and Photo smart Studio systems. It largely offers in-store photo printing and gives customers the freedom of a whole array of customized stationery such as photo books, calendars, greeting cards and posters. HP is helping Tesco seize new growth opportunities and tap into the vast publishing marketplace that exists today, said Rohit de Souza, vice president and general manager, Retail Publishing Solutions business, Imaging and Printing Group, HP. HP offers Tesc o and its customers an unparalleled choice of printable assets. Not only can customers quickly and easily create customized photo projects, but small and micro businesses can create dynamic, professional-quality, low-cost collateral at retail. Both partners predict that the age of publishing through retail chains will flourish over the coming years, and this venture would help them to capture the space efficiently. In all reality, customers would like to see choices that they can browse at their own behest, and the best solution for it would definitely be retail publishing. Currently, most retail chains offer regular prints and anything more than this, will attract customers to spend more on personal publishing. On the downside, consumers purchasing printers could go down if the latter picks up. Tesco Charity of the Year partnership The British Red Cross Charity of the Year partnership with Tesco in 2007 raised over  £4.6 million for British Red Cross services in the UK the largest amount raised through a single corporate partnership for a charity in just one year, and Tescos most successful Charity of the Year partnership ever. TASK 3 IMPLEMENTAION OF SOUND MANAGEMENT PRACTICE IN A VIRTUAL ORGANISATION TASK-3 What is a virtual Organization? In my words virtual organization is a network of continually evolving independent organizations that share skills, costs, and access to one anothers markets. This is where the people that you work with are or that this is where you find the information you need as well as the means to process it- in summary where your office is. A dispersed network o skills and capabilities- The structure of a Virtual Organization is distributed among multiple location resulting in the capacity of bringing in a wider pool of skills and capabilities 1 Mark Spencer Marks Spencer creates virtual patchwork quilt for Copenhagen Climate Summit drive. The campaign invites customers, employees, investors, suppliers and anyone concerned for the wellbeing of future generations to create an individual patchwork which includes a personal image and a message to those taking part in the Copenhagen negotiations. The first person to patch was Marks Spencer Executive Chairman Sir Stuart Rose.   In his message he said: Copenhagen is a unique opportunity to do the right thing. Doing nothing is not an option. Other high profile patchers that have already shown their support are Zac Goldsmith, Twiggy, Myleene Klass, Laura Bailey, Noemie Lenoir, Philip Glenister, and Erin OConnor.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€š Ed Miliband, Secretary of the State for Energy and the Environment, is also supporting the campaign. He said: I am happy to see MS supporting its customers in taking action. That is important because we will need all the popular pressure we can get to strike a deal that is ambitious, effective and fair. The world cannot  tackle climate change if we leave it to politicians alone. We also need people, companies, charities and every other group in society to act together. The final quilt and a physical representation will be presented to the Government in advance of the summit, which starts on 7th December. Richard Gillies, Director of Plan A, said: Our ambition is to reach out to a mainstream audience and demonstrate to those involved in the COP15 event that the MS family is engaged in the climate change debate. Climate change is no longer a fringe debate, UK high street shoppers care and are demanding action so its vital that we communicate this. The campaign was created by Digit. 2 GlaxoSmithKline:- GlaxoSmithKline has completed a project with InforSense enabling virtual drug discovery through virtual outsourcing of data, it has been reported. The project, sponsored by the European Commission-funded programme Simdat, used secure Grid technology to demonstrate virtual data outsourcing, Inference said. Simdat allowed GlaxoSmithKline to test the components necessary for the support of virtual outsourcing of data analysis in a secure environment, the companys head of Biology Domain Architecture Rob Gill said in a statement. He added: Pharmaceutical companies are moving away from the fortress mentality, which has been prevalent for many years, towards an ecosystem of companies working together without geographical or technical boundaries. InforSenses director of research Moustafa Ghanem added companies like GlaxoSmithKline are considering outsourcing different parts of their business. Also this week, GlaxoSmithKline announced its acquisition of the Egyptian mature pr oduct business of Bristol Myers Squibb. The deal is worth $210 million (125 million pounds), the buyer said. Identify and develop suitable areas which management on furniture works need to look into when setting up a virtual organization. Productivity and quality are two key points of any organization. These two are depends on the furniture works. There continues to be growing demand for top technology talent, especially information technology leadership with strong general management skill and select IT specialists. TASK 4 AN EFFECTIVE ONLINE AND DIRECT COMMUNICATION PROCESSES TASK-4 INTRODUCTION:- Any act by which one person gives to or receives from person information about that persons needs, desires, perceptions, knowledge, or affective states. Communication may be intentional or unintentional, may involve conventional or unconventional signals, may take linguistic or non-linguistic forms, and may occur through spoken or other modes. Success of any business lies in effective communication. The more effective the communication is, the better the results are. Communication is effective when it produces desired action in the reader or audience. Effective communication is essential for the survival and progress of a business concern. The ability to communicate effectively is an essential quality of a businessman. A person may be intelligent but he may not be able to get his message across to others. Ideas are generally common but the ability to convey then to others are rare. A successful communicator exercises a good effect on the minds of his readers, employees, su pervisors, customers, suppliers, investors and business associates. They form a good impression of the company and the communicator. He builds the goodwill of the company he represents. Goodwill of a person or company attracts customers and wins friends. Report:- From:- To: The board of directors Date:- Subject: Aspect of effective direct and online communication available organization What is communication? Communication as an academic discipline relates to all the ways we communicate, so it embraces a large body of study and knowledge. The communication discipline includes both verbal and nonverbal messages. A body of scholarship all about communication is presented and explained in textbooks, electronic publications, and academic journals. In the journals, researchers report the results of studies that are the basis for an ever expanding understanding of how we all communicate. Importance of communication:- Communication is essential for life in general but in business settings, it is critical. Communication is more than just a matter of speaking and hearing, especially within a business setting. Good communication, on the other hand, means that your message will be sent and that the people or organizations understand the message in its entirety. Further, they are much more likely to respond in a positive manner if the message was communicated effectively. A poorly communicated message will likely result in an unfavourable response. Importance of communication for manager and employee relations: Effective communication of information and decision is an essential component for management-employee relations. The manager cannot get the work done from employees unless they are communicated effectively of what he wants to be done? He should also be sure of some basic facts such as how to communicate and what results can be expected from that communication. Most of management problems arise because of lack of effective communication. Chances of misunderstanding and misrepresentation can be minimized with proper communication system. For motivation and employee morale: Communication is also a basic tool for motivation, which can improve morale of the employees in an organization. Inappropriate or faulty communication among employees or between manager and his subordinates is the major cause of conflict and low morale at work. Manager should clarify to employees about what is to be done, how well are they doing and what can be done for better performance to improve their mot ivation. He can prepare a written statement, clearly outlining the relationship between company objectives and personal objectives and integrating the interest of the two. Communication for increasing productivity: With effective communication, you can maintain a good human relation in the organization and by encouraging ideas or suggestions from employees or workers and implementing them whenever possible, you can also increase production at low cost. Communication for employees::- It is through the communication that employees submit their work reports, comments, grievances and suggestions to their seniors or management. Organization should have effective and speedy communication policy and procedures to avoid delays, misunderstandings, confusion or distortions of facts and to establish harmony among all the concerned people and departments. Classification of emotions and how they affect online communication I tend to think of emoticons as the visual aspect of online communication that gives us emotional cues. There are two broad categories of emotional messages that an emoticon can carry: positive or negative. The foremost target of internet has always been the communication. And internet has excelled beyond the expectations .Still; innovations are going on to make it faster, more reliable. By the advent of computers Internet, our earth has reduced and has attained the form of a global village. Now we can communicate in a fraction of second with a person who is sitting in the other part of the world. Today for better communication, we can avail the facilities of e-mail; we can chat for hours with our loved ones. There are plenty messenger services in offering. With help of such services, it has become very easy to establish a kind of global friendship where you can share your thoughts, can explore other cultures of different ethnicity. Many of my explanation are based on subj ective analysis and experience and have no backing by objective research. But with experience, I am sure many forum users will agree that emoticons are definitely an important aspect of online communication. TASK 5 AN EFFECTIVE GLOBAL STRUCTURE WITH VARIOUS THREATS TASK-5 Pepsi:- Introduction:- It was first introduced as Brads Drink in New Bern, North Carolina in 1898 by Caleb Bradham, who made it at his pharmacy where the drink was sold. It was later named Pepsi Cola, possibly due to the digestive enzyme pepsin and kola nuts used in the recipe. Bradham sought to create a fountain drink that was delicious and would aid in digestion and boost energy. History:-In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore to a rented warehouse. That year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of syrup. The next year, Pepsi was sold in six-ounce bottles, and sales increased to 19,848 gallons. In 1909, automobile race pioneer Barney Oldfield was the first celebrity to endorse Pepsi-Cola, describing it as A bully drinkrefreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race. The advertising theme Delicious and Healthful was then used over the next two decades. In 1926, Pepsi received its first logo redesign since the original design of 1905. In 1929, the logo was changed again. In 1931, at the depth of the Great Depression, the Pepsi-Cola Company entered bankruptcy in large part due to financial losses incurred by speculating on wildly fluctuating sugar prices as a result of World War I. Assets were sold and Roy C. Megargel bought the Pepsi trademark. Eight years later, the company went bankrupt again. Pepsis assets were then purchased by Charles Guth, the President of Loft Inc. Loft was a candy manufacturer with retail stores that contained soda fountains. He sought to replace Coca-Cola at his stores fountains after Coke refused to give him a discount on syrup. Guth then had Lofts chemists reformulate the Pepsi-Cola syrup formula. On three separate occasions between 1922 and 1933, the Coca-Cola Company was offered the opportunity to purchase the Pepsi-Cola company and it declined on each occasion. Reflections for furniture work to expand its production abroad. Upping its efforts to expand in the non-carbonated soft drinks market in the US, Pepsi Co has teamed up with Unilever in a joint venture that will produce a new range of drinks made from a blend of fruit juice and tea. Pepsi already produces Lipton iced teas in partnership with the Anglo-Dutch consumer goods group but this are the first drink to be made from both juice and tea. The brand, which will be called Matika, will be available initially in chosen US markets from this August. It will be sold in 20 oz bottles in different exotic fruit flavours. Thinking globally:- The Pepsi can designs roll out one at a time, but the two-litre Pepsi bottles will have three or four designs out at any given time. Multidomestic Strategy:- Opportunistic global market development (diversifying markets) Following customers abroad (customer satisfaction) Pursuing geographic diversification (climate, topography, space, etc.) Exploiting different economic growth rates (gaining scale and scope) Exploiting product life cycle differences (technology) Pursuing potential abroad Globalizing for defensive reasons Pursuing a global logic or imperative (new markets and profits)

Literary Analysis of Young Goodman Brown - 808 Words

Hawthornes ambiguous ending in Young Goodman Brown leaves the reader asking one question. Had Goodman Brown fallen asleep in the forest and only dreamed a wild dream of a witch hunting? Most readers of this allegory try to answer this question, believing that Goodman Brown did in fact take the dreary road, darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest. Hawthorne himself has avoided answering the question, and has instead left it up for the reader to decide Goodman Browns fate. The reader can never be certain about what actually happened in the forest; the reader can, however, be certain, not only of the nature and stages of Goodman Browns despair, but also of its probable cause. This can be seen through Faith, Browns†¦show more content†¦But his weak mind begins to suspect that all men are evil, even if they are respected members of the community, as were his father and grandfather, according to the story. Doubts about his ancestors spread, until Goody Cloyse, Deac on Gookin, the parson, and finally Faith herself fall victims to his corrupt state of mind. The symbolic representation of such increasing doubts is given in the sequence with the devil. The devil is Brown; Faith the exact counterpart, representing Browns heavenly side. The devil is Browns darker side, which believes that evil is the nature of man. In the forest, the dark side of Brown overpowers the good side. What actually happened in the forest must remain, as Hawthorne chose to put it, a question. What happens once Goodman Brown emerges from the forest is clear enough; Goodman Brown lived and died an unhappy, despairingShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of Young Goodman Brown895 Words   |  4 Pages In the story of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† the setting of Salem village is characterized as a place of evil and darkness. Salem is a place known for witchcraft, especially during the Salem witch trials, were women who were accused of being witches were killed. Most of the story takes place in the forest at night. While on his journey into the forest, the narrator comes a across a mystery man. While on his trip the narrator comes to the realization that he does not truly know the people from the villageRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown 1175 Words   |  5 Pages1101 7 July 2017 Symbolism in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is a short story written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, and was set during the 17th Century Puritan Era. The story was published in 1835 during the Romantic Era. Nathaniel Hawthorne was known for being the master of symbolism. His novels and short stories have been embedded with suggestion and imagination. The dense symbolism that Hawthorne writes could imply multiple interpretations. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† has quite a few themes andRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Young Goodman Brown By Nathaniel Hawthorne1822 Words   |  8 PagesLiterary analyzes of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a story about a normal man that ventures into the forest to meet an old man who attempts to tempt him into going deeper into the woods to worship the devil. After the old man convinces him that everyone that he loves and respects is going to the devil’s ceremony he gives in. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, Hawthorne effectively uses symbolism to portray the theme that putting one s faith in others leads to weaknessRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown964 Words   |  4 PagesENGL 303 23 June 2013 Essay Assignment One: Reader-Response Criticism Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is a short story in which the author attempts to convey several different messages or themes throughout the literary piece. Themes in literary works can sometimes be better understood by analyzing the piece with a specific literary criticism technique. A few of these literary criticism techniques include Marxist, Formalism, and Reader Response just to name a few. Given Hawthorne’sRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown882 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis of Young Goodman Brown Many aspects of human nature have changed over the centuries, but one thing that people have in common is the temptation of evil. From Adam and Eve eating fruit from the forbidden tree in the Garden of Eden to the Iraqi hijackers who flew two airplanes into the World Trade Centers on September 11, 2001 killing thousands of innocent people, evil has always been a part of this world. In an effort to portray the corruption of the Salem witch trials, NathanielRead MoreEssay on The Ambiguity in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown1587 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ambiguity in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†      Ã‚  Ã‚     The literary critics agree that there is considerable ambiguity in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† This essay intends to illustrate the previous statement and to analyze the cause of this ambiguity.    Henry James in Hawthorne, when discussing â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† comments on how imaginative it is, then mentions how allegorical Hawthorne is, and how allegory should be expressed clearly:    I frankly confess that I haveRead MoreFiction Essay - Young Goodman Brown and the Lottery1051 Words   |  5 PagesFICTION ESSAY WRITING STYLE USED: APA OUTLINE I. THESIS: A thorough analysis of Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† and Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† reveals that different literary elements, such as tone and setting, are used to convey the characters’ arrival at dark, sinister places. II. INTRODUCTION III. SHIRLEY JACKSON’S â€Å"THE LOTTERY† A. Setting the tone: Peaceful and relaxing B. Irony: Even though the mood is relaxing, there is a premonition of something bad toRead More Ambiguity in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay1743 Words   |  7 PagesAmbiguity in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚         There is no end to the ambiguity in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†; this essay hopes to explore this problem.    Peter Conn in â€Å"Finding a Voice in an New Nation† makes a statement regarding Hawthorne’s ambiguity:      Almost all of Hawthorne’s finest stories are remote in time or place. The glare of contemporary reality immobillized his imagination. He required shadows and half-light, and he sought a nervous equilibriumRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1312 Words   |  6 PagesWithin Nathaniel Hawthorne s short story Young Goodman Brown (p.317), Young Goodman Brown travels through a dark and mysterious forest late at night. Ignoring the pleas of his pure wife Faith, he ventures deep into the woods with many dangers around him, only to emerge in the morning a changed man with bewildered views on his own Puritan life and the Puritan community around him. At the cause for this change in mindset, the dream of an old man symbolizing the devil appears, showing him the communityRead MoreMy Psychoanalytic Views of Two Short Stories1454 Words   |  6 Pagesradical, when put into life situations they actually make perfect sense. Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism refers to literary criticism or literary theory which, in method, concept, or form, is influenced by the tradition of psychoanalysis begun by Sigmund Freud. Psychoanalytic literary criticism is a very common method of analyzing stories such as The White Heron by Sarah Orne Jewett, Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne and The Masque of the Red Death by Edgar Allen Poe. Sylvia, a shy

A comparative study

Question: Write an essay on 'A comparative study on the way that rape investigations and progression through the Criminal Justice System takes place in England and Wales and India'? Answer: Data Collection Method Collection of data forms an integral part of the research as the analysis and conclusion of the study is dependent on it. In such a context, collection of authentic data is indispensable. The data collection method largely depends on the topic chosen, the approach design, credibility of the sources and dependability of the information gathered or yet to be gathered. There are mainly two types of methods used while conducting a research work; quantitative approach and qualitative approach. Quantitative Approach: This method involves random sampling from respondents and obtaining their views based on some pre-determined categories prepared by the researcher. Using these data makes the analysis process easier and contributes to the comparison extensively. Qualitative Approach: This method involves the understanding the process behind the observed results of the quantitative analysis. It assesses the changes in the perception of human relations and the changes thereof. The primary aim of the methodology approach is to gather as much information from the primary sources such as case laws, statutes, law journals, online legal databases, etc. The research intends to employ both these methods in order to approach a proper conclusion that will add something to the existing theories in selected topic. Theoretical analysis forms the basis of the data collection method and the research will be more focussed on formulating a theory that will have less social and political implications. It also intends to map the significance and influence exerted by public policies on the operation of the law. Sample Size In order to conclude the theories of the research, sampling and sampling size has to be determined in a careful manner. To achieve this objective it becomes imperative to reach the right respondents. As this study will be mainly focussed on analysis of theory, use of respondents and their responses will be limited. For the purpose of the study, 30 respondents have been carefully selected. The survey was conducted on people closely related with criminal law cases such as lawyers and people from the administrative institutions. Strengths and Weaknesses Although this research will be based on theoretical analysis of the prevailing laws and statutes, practical and direct interactions will be required with people associated with such cases. This research will be very much helpful in the study of criminology and its judicial proceedings. This research will effectively bring out the efficiency of the criminal judicial system in dealing with rape cases. Through this research, the competency of the administrative institutions will be measured along with the effectiveness of the related public policies. However, this study will only be applicable to cases where criminal justice is involved. Conclusion The selected topic is a very sensitive one and it is required to conduct the study in methodical and proper manner so that a proper conclusion is arrived at. With this objective, the black letter law has been selected to conduct the study. The rules and states related to criminology will be adhered to in a strict manner so that authentic sources are represented in the study. References Alzheimer-europe.org, "Alzheimer Europe - Research - Understanding Dementia Research - Types Of Research - The Four Main Approaches" (2016) https://www.alzheimer-europe.org/Research/Understanding-dementia-research/Types-of-research/The-four-main-approaches accessed 10 January 2016 Fao.org, "6. DATA COLLECTION METHODS" (2016) https://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x2465e/x2465e09.htm#b3-6.3%20DATA%20COLLECTION%20METHODS accessed 10 January 2016 Harel A and Hylton K,Research Handbook On The Economics Of Criminal Law(Edward Elgar 2012) Learning I, "3. Methods Of Collecting Qualitative Data" (Libweb.surrey.ac.uk, 2016) https://libweb.surrey.ac.uk/library/skills/Introduction%20to%20Research%20and%20Managing%20Information%20Leicester/page_54.htm accessed 10 January 2016 Lia Aston L, "Research Methods Resource - Selection Of The Research Paradigm And Methodology" (Celt.mmu.ac.uk, 2016) https://www.celt.mmu.ac.uk/researchmethods/Modules/Selection_of_methodology/ accessed 10 January 2016 McGeer V and Funk F, "Are Optimistic Theories Of Criminal Justice Psychologically Feasible? The Probative Case Of Civic Republicanism" [2015] Criminal Law and Philosophy Nwauzu D,Black Letter Law 2012(Totally Management Limited 2012) People.uwec.edu, "DATA COLLECTION METHODS" (2016) https://people.uwec.edu/piercech/ResearchMethods/Data%20collection%20methods/DATA%20COLLECTION%20METHODS.htm accessed 10 January 2016 Qualres.org, "RWJF - Qualitative Research Guidelines Project | Interpretivist Paradigm | The Interpretivist Paradigm" (2016) https://www.qualres.org/HomeInte-3516.html accessed 10 January 2016 Research Design And Data Analysis In Realism Research(1st edn, 2016) https://www.marjee.org/pdfs/sobh.pdf accessed 10 January 2016 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY(1st edn, 2016) https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0601009.pdf accessed 10 January 2016 Schabas W, McDermott Y and Hayes N,The Ashgate Research Companion To International Criminal Law(Ashgate 2012) Socscidiss.bham.ac.uk, "Research Methodologies" (2016) https://www.socscidiss.bham.ac.uk/methodologies.html accessed 10 January 2016 Fao.org, "6. DATA COLLECTION METHODS" (2016) https://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x2465e/x2465e09.htm#b3-6.3%20DATA%20COLLECTION%20METHODS accessed 10 January 2016. Institute Learning, "3. Methods Of Collecting Qualitative Data" (Libweb.surrey.ac.uk, 2016) https://libweb.surrey.ac.uk/library/skills/Introduction%20to%20Research%20and%20Managing%20Information%20Leicester/page_54.htm accessed 10 January 2016. People.uwec.edu, "DATA COLLECTION METHODS" (2016) https://people.uwec.edu/piercech/ResearchMethods/Data%20collection%20methods/DATA%20COLLECTION%20METHODS.htm accessed 10 January 2016.

W Ppppp Essay Example

W Ppppp Essay Final Exam Review Note: This hand-out is designed to provide additional review materials for your exam. The practice problems included are not all inclusive and this should be reviewed in conjunction with your practice exam, coursepacket materials and homework problems. Chapter 14 1. On January 1, 2007, Ann Rosen loaned $45,078 to Joe Grant. A zero-interest-bearing note (face amount, $60,000) was exchanged solely for cash; no other rights or privileges were exchanged. The note is to be repaid on December 31, 2009. The prevailing rate of interest for a loan of this type is 10%. The present value of $60,000 at 10% for three years is $45,078. What amount of interest income should Ms. Rosen recognize in 2007? a. $4,508. b. $6,000. c. $18,000. d. $13,524. 2. A company issues $20,000,000, 7. 8%, 20-year bonds to yield 8% on January 1, 2007. Interest is paid on June 30 and December 31. The proceeds from the bonds are $19,604,145. Using effective-interest amortization, how much interest expense will be recognized in 2007? a. $780,000 b. $1,560,000 c. $1,568,498 d. $1,568,332 3. Carr Corporation retires its $100,000 face value bonds at 105 on January 1, following the payment of interest. The carrying value of the bonds at the redemption date is $103,745. The entry to record the redemption will include a a. credit of $3,745 to Loss on Bond Redemption. b. debit of $3,745 to Premium on Bonds Payable. c. credit of $1,255 to Gain on Bond Redemption. d. debit of $5,000 to Premium on Bonds Payable. DR Bonds Payable 100,000 DR Premium 3,745 DR Loss 1,255 CR Cash 105,000 4. The printing costs and legal fees associated with the issuance of bonds should a. e expensed when incurred. b. be reported as a deduction from the face amount of bonds payable. c. be accumulated in a deferred charge account and amortized over the life of the bonds. d. not be reported as an expense until the period the bonds mature or are retired. Page 1 of 10 5. The generally accepted method of accounting for gains or losses from the early extinguishment of debt treats any gain or loss as a. an ad justment to the cost basis of the asset obtained by the debt issue. b. an amount that should be considered a cash adjustment to the cost of any other debt issued ver the remaining life of the old debt instrument. c. an amount received or paid to obtain a new debt instrument and, as such, should be amortized over the life of the new debt. d. a difference between the reacquisition price and the net carrying amount of the debt which should be recognized in the period of redemption as an other expense on the income statement. 6. A corporation called an outstanding bond obligation four years before maturity. At that time there was an unamortized discount of $300,000. To extinguish this debt, the company had to pay a call premium of $100,000. We will write a custom essay sample on W Ppppp specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on W Ppppp specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on W Ppppp specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Ignoring income tax considerations, how should these amounts be treated for accounting purposes? a. Amortize $400,000 over four years. b. Charge $400,000 to a loss in the year of extinguishment. c. Charge $100,000 to a loss in the year of extinguishment and amortize $300,000 over four years. d. Either amortize $400,000 over four years or charge $400,000 to a loss immediately, whichever management selects. 7. On June 1, 2006, Janson Bottle Company sold $400,000 in long-term bonds for $351,040. The bonds will mature in 10 years and have a stated interest rate of 8% and a yield rate of 10%. The bonds pay interest annually on May 31 of each year. The bonds are to be accounted for under the effective-interest method. Instructions (a) Construct a bond amortization table for this problem to indicate the amount of interest expense and discount amortization at each May 31. Include only the first four years. Make sure all columns and rows are properly labeled. (Round to the nearest dollar. ) (b) The sales price of $351,040 was determined from present value tables. Specifically explain how one would determine the price using present value tables. c) Assuming that interest and discount amortization are recorded each May 31, prepare the adjusting entry to be made on December 31, 2008. (Round to the nearest dollar. ) (a) Date 6/1/06 5/31/07 5/31/08 5/31/09 5/31/10 (b) (1) (2) Credit Cash $32,000 32,000 32,000 32,000 Debit Interest Expense $35,104 35,414 35,756 36,131 Credit Carrying Amount Bond Discount of Bonds $351,040 $3,104 354,144 3,414 357,558 3,756 361,314 4,131 365,445 Fin d the present value of $400,000 due in 10 years at 10%. Find the present value of 10 annual payments of $32,000 at 10%. Add (1) and (2) to obtain the present value of the principal and the interest 20,858* 18,667** 2,191 payments. (c) Interest Expense Interest Payable .. Discount on Bonds Payable *7/12 ? $35,756 (from Table) = $20,858 **7/12 ? 8% ? $400,000 = $18,667 Page 2 of 10 Chapter 15: 1. E15-1:Porter Corp. purchased its own par value stock on January 1, 2010 for $20,000 and debited the treasury stock account for the purchase price. The stock was subsequently sold for $12,000. The $8,000 difference between the cost and sales price should be recorded as a deduction from a. additional paid-in capital to the extent that previous net gains from sales of the same class of stock are included therein; otherwise, from retained earnings. b. additional paid-in capital without regard as to whether or not there have been previous net gains from sales of the same class of stock included therein. c. retained earnings. d. net income. 2. Which of the following best describes a possible result of treasury stock transactions by a corporation? . May increase but not decrease retained earnings. b. May increase net income if the cost method is used. c. May decrease but not increase retained earnings. d. May decrease but not increase net income. 3. When a corporation issues its capital stock in payment for services, the least appropriate basis for recording the transaction is the a. market value of the services received. b. par value of the shares issued. c. market value of the shares issued. d. Any of these provides an appropriate basis for recording the transaction. . Direct costs incurred to sell stock such as underwriting costs should be accounted for as 1. a reduction of additional paid-in capital. 2. an expense of the period in which the stock is issued. 3. an intangible asset. a. b. c. d. 1 2 3 1 or 3 5. A feature common to both stock splits and stock dividends is a. a transfer to earned capital of a corporation. b. that there is no effect on total stockholders equity. c. an increase in total liabilities of a corporation. d. a reduction in the contributed capital of a corporation. Stock splits – change in par value and change in number of shares Stock dividend – DR Retained Earnings and CR CS dividend distributable (and APIC if small stock dividend) 6. On September 1, 2010, Valdez Company reacquired 12,000 shares of its $10 par value common stock for $15 per share. Valdez uses the cost method to account for treasury stock. The journal entry to record the reacquisition of the stock should debit a. Treasury Stock for $120,000. b. Common Stock for $120,000. c. Common Stock for $120,000 and Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par for $60,000. . Treasury Stock for $180,000. 12,000 ? $15 = $180,000. (Credit is to cash. ) Page 3 of 10 7. Long Co. issued 100,000 shares of $10 par common stock for $1,200,000. Long acquired 8,000 shares of its own common stock at $15 per share. Three months later Long sold 4,000 of these shares at $19 per share. If the cost method is used to record treasury stock transactions, to record the sale of the 4,000 treasury shares, Long should credit a. Treasury Stock for $76,000. b. Treasury Stock for $40,000 and Paid-in Capital from Treasury Stock for $36,000. c. Treasury Stock for $60,000 and Paid-in Capital from Treasury Stock for $16,000. d. Treasury Stock for $60,000 and Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par for $16,000. 4,000 ? $15 = $60,000; 4,000 ? $4 = $16,000. Stock Issue: DR Cash 1,200,000, CR Common Stock $1,000,000, CR APIC $200,000 Repurchase: DR Treasury Stock 120,000, CR Cash 120,000 Sale: DR Cash 76,000, CR Treasury Stock 60,000, CR APIC-TS 16,000 8. Colson Inc. declared a $160,000 cash dividend. It currently has 6,000 shares of 7%, $100 par value cumulative preferred stock outstanding. It is one year in arrears on its preferred stock. How much cash will Colson distribute to the common stockholders? a. $76,000. b. $84,000. c. $118,000. d. None. Note: Assumes that the preferred tock is not participating since it does not say that it is. 6,000 ? $100 ? .07 = $42,000 PS Dividend Total Dividend of $160,000 – ($42,000 ? 2 years since one in arrears and it is cumulative) = $76,000 payable to common stockholders. If it was participating preferred stock, then each would equal dividends and you would need to know the amount of the common stock par to know how to divide it. Refer to example from Ch 15 lecture. . Hernandez Company has 350,000 shares of $10 par value common stock outstanding. During the year, Hernandez declared a 10% stock dividend when the market price of the stock was $30 per share. Four months later Hernandez declared a $. 50 per share cash dividend. As a result of the dividends declared during the year, retained earnings decreased by a. $1,242,500. b. $525,000. c. $192,500. d. $175,000. 350,000 ? .1 0 ? $30 = $1,050,000 Stock dividend: DR RE 1,050,000 and CR CS Dividend Distributable (for par) $50,000 and CR APIC 700,000 $1,050,000 + (350,000 ? 1. 0 (increase for stock dividend) ? $. 50) = $1,242,500. 10. On June 30, 2010, when Ermler Co. s stock was selling at $65 per share, its capital accounts were as follows: Capital stock (par value $50; 60,000 shares issued) Premium on capital stock Retained earnings $3,000,000 600,000 4,200,000 If a 100% stock dividend were declared and distributed, capital stock would be a. $3,000,000. b. $3,600,000. c. $6,000,000. d. $7,800,000. Declaration Date: DR RE 3,000,000 and CR CS Dividend Distributable 3,000,000 Payment Date: DR CS Dividend Distributable 3,000,000 and CR CS 3,000,000 Page 4 of 10 The following data are provided for 11 and 12: 10% Cumulative preferred stock, $50 par Common stock, $10 par Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings (includes current year net income) Net income December 31, 2011 2010 $100,000 $100,000 120,000 90,000 80,000 65,000 240,000 215,000 90,000 Additional information: On May 1, 2011, 3,000 shares of common stock were issued. The preferred dividends were not declared during 2011. The market price of the common stock was $50 at December 31, 2011. 11. The rate a. 90 ? b. 90 ? c. 80 ? d. 80 ? c = $80 ? 400. 12. The book value per share of common stock at 12/31/11 is a. 30 ? 12. b. 200 ? 12. c. 330 ? 12. d. 440 ? 11. $120,000 + $80,000 + (240,000 – $10,000) a ——————————————————— = $430 ? 12. 12,000 Chapter 18: Solve P18-5 b – 1, 2 and 3 using the Completed Contract Method for Practice ER18-1: POC and Completed Contract Methods Toaster Co. entered into the following contract with Oven Inc. to construct a new facility. At the time the contract was negotiated, Toaster was confident that they would be able to complete the contract to Oven’s specifications. Further, Oven had good credit standing and was expected to pay the contract in full in accordance with the billing terms. The contract started on March 1, 2009 and ended on December 15, 2011 when construction was complete. Toaster Co. Contract price: $10,000,000 Costs incurred Estimated costs to complete Progress billings Cash collections 2009 $3,600,000 4,400,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2010 $3,800,000 1,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 2011 $800,000 0 3,500,000 4,500,000 of return on common stock equity for 2011 is 400. 440. 400. 440. 1) What should Toaster Co. consider in deciding between the Completed Contract and the POC methods? Based on these facts, which method is preferable? Toaster must use the POC method for long-term contracts when all three of the following exist: 1) terms are fixed per the contract 2) buyer is expected to pay and 3) contractor is expected to perform. If Toaster does not meet these three requirements, the completed contract method may be used. The completed contract method may also be used if the contract is short-term or Page 5 of 10 there are inherent hazards. Typically inherent hazards mean they cannot estimate the costs reliably for some reason. In this example, the terms are fixed and known as per above and both parties were expected to perform when the contract was negotiated. Since the contract is longterm and there are no inherent hazards mentioned, the POC method is not only preferred but it would be required. 2) What factors might cause Toaster Co. to use the Installment Sales or Cost Recovery methods? Toaster would have to not qualify for the POC method as discussed above. Further, the collectability of the contract price from Oven would have to be uncertain. The choice between installment sales and cost recovery depends on the level of uncertainty that Oven will pay. The more uncertain Toaster is, the more likely they would use the cost recovery method. ) Prepare the entries for all three years using the POC method. See template for ER18-1. Page 6 of 10 ER 18. 1 % Complete Calculations: 1 2 Costs to Year Date Given Given 2009 2010 2011 3,600,000 7,400,000 8,200,000 3 Estimated Total Costs Given 8,000,000 8,400,000 8,200,000 4 % Complete =2/3 45. 0% 88. 1% 100. 0% 5 Conrtract Price Given 10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 6 Revenue Recognizable =4*5 4,5 00,000 8,809,524 10,000,000 7 Less Pys See PY line 4,500,000 8,809,524 8 Current Year =6-7 4,500,000 4,309,524 1,190,476 1 Year Given 2009 2010 2011 Journal Entries: Estimated Profit =5-3 2,000,000 1,600,000 1,800,000 10 % Complete* =4 above 45. 0% 88. 1% 11 Profit Recognizable =9*10 900,000 1,409,524 12 Less Pys See PY Line 900,000 13 Current Year =11-12 900,000 509,524 390,476 COMPLETED CONTRACT: 2009 2010 3,600,000 3,800,000 (3,600,000) (3,800,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 2,500,000 (2,500,000) 3,500,000 (3,500,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 2011 800,000 (800,000) 3,500,000 (3,500,000) 4,500,000 (4,500,000) CIP AP AR Billings Cash AR CIP Const Expense Revenue Billings CIP 100. 0% 1,800,000 1,409,524 *Note assume 100% of the loss if a loss contract!! 009 2010 2011 3,600,000 3,800,000 800,000 CIP (3,600,000) (3,800,000) (800,000) AP 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 2,500,000 (2,500,000) 900,000 3,600,000 (4,500,000) 3,500,000 (3,500,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 509,524 3,800,000 (4,309,524) 3,500,000 (3,500,000) 4,500,000 (4,500,000) 390,476 800,000 (1,190,476) 10,000,000 (10,000,000) 2011 AR Billings Cash AR Const Expense Revenue Billings CIP (3,000,000) 3,600,000 600,000 (6,500,000) 7,400,000 900,000 8,200,000 (10,000,000) 10,000,000 (8,200,000) 2009 2010 Balance Sheet Presentation: Billings Total (3,000,000) (6,500,000) CIP Total 4,500,000 8,809,524 BS Amount: 1,500,000 2,100,000 Unbilled Unbilled Contract Costs Contract Costs Unbilled Unbilled Contract Costs Contract Costs Inventory Inventory Title: Section: Inventory Inventory 4) Prepare the entries for all three years using the Completed Contract method. See template for ER18-1. Page 7 of 10 5) Now assume the same as above except that in 2010, Toaster ran into some construction delays and actual costs incurred were $2,000,000 higher than stated above. The delays were Toaster’s fault and they were not able to bill Ovens Inc. for these extra costs incurred. Prepare the journal entries for all three years under both the POC and completed contract methods. See template for ER18-1 Part 5). Page 8 of 10 ER 18. 1 Part 5 % Complete Calculations: 1 2 Costs to Year Date Given Given 2009 2010 2011 3,600,000 9,400,000 10,200,000 3 Estimated Total Costs Given 8,000,000 10,400,000 10,200,000 4 % Complete =2/3 45. 0% 90. 4% 100. 0% 5 Conrtract Price Given 10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 6 Revenue Recognizable =4*5 4,500,000 9,038,462 10,000,000 7 Less Pys See PY line 4,500,000 9,038,462 8 Current Year =6-7 4,500,000 4,538,462 961,538 Year Given 2009 2010 2011 Journal Entries: 9 Estimated Profit =5-3 2,000,000 (400,000) (200,000) 10 % Complete* =4 above 45. 0% 100. 0% 11 Profit Recognizable =9*10 900,000 (400,000) 12 Less Pys See PY Line 900,000 13 Current Year 2010 Contrstruction Expense: =11-12 5,838,462 900,000 (1,300,000) 200,000 COMPLETED CONTRACT: 2009 2010 3,600,000 5,800,000 (3,600,000) (5,800,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 2,500,000 (2,500,000) 3,500,000 (3,500,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 2011 800,000 (800,000) 3,500,000 3,500,000) 4,500,000 (4,500,000) 2011 Contruction Expense: 761,538 CIP AP AR Billings Cash AR CIP Const Expense Revenue Billings CIP 100. 0% (200,000) (400,000) *Note assume 100% of the loss if a loss contract!! 2009 2010 2011 3,600,000 5,800,000 800,000 CIP (3,600,000) (5,800,000) (800,000) AP 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 2,500,000 (2,500,000) 900,000 3,600,000 (4,500,000) 3,500,000 (3,500,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) (1,300,000) 5,838,462 (4,538,462) 3,500,000 (3,500,000) 4,500,000 (4,500,000) 200,000 761,538 (961,538) 10,000,000 (10,000,000) 2011 AR Billings Cash AR Const Expense Revenue Loss on Contract Billings CIP (3,000,000) 3,600,000 600,000 400,000 (400,000) (6,500,000) 9,000,000 2,500,000 10,000,000 (10,000,000) (200,000) 10,000,000 (9,800,000) 2009 2010 Balance Sheet Presentation: Billings Total (3,000,000) (6,500,000) CIP Total 4,500,000 9,000,000 BS Amount: 1,500,000 2,100,000 Unbilled Unbilled Contract Costs Contract Costs Unbilled Unbilled Contract Costs Contract Costs Inventory Inventory Title: Section: Inventory Inventory ER 18–2: Installment Sales Method Cornick, Inc. appropriately used the installment method of accounting to recognize income in its financial statement. Some pertinent data relating to this method of accounting include: 2010 2011 Installment sales $750,000 $900,000 Cost of sales 450,000 630,000 Gross profit $300,000 $270,000 Collections during year: On 2010 sales 250,000 250,000 On 2011 sales 300,000 Prepare the journal entries for 2010 and 2011 required under the installment sales metho d. Gross Profit Rates: 2010 = 40% (300,000/750,000)/ 2011 = 30% (270,000/900,000) 2010 2011 DR CR DR CR AR – 2010 750,000 0 AR – 2011 0 900,000 Revenue 750,000 900,000 COGS Inventory Revenue COGS Deferred GP–2010 Deferred GP-2011 Cash AR – 2010 AR – 2011 450,000 450,000 750,000 450,000 300,000 0 250,000 250,000 0 100,000* 90,000** 100,000 190,000 550,000 250,000 300,000 900,000 630,000 0 270,000 630,000 630,000 Deferred GP–2010 100,000* Deferred GP-2011 0 Realized GP * 250,000 cash * 40% GP Rate ** 300,000 cash * 30% GP Rate Page 9 of 10 ER 18-3: Completed Contract and Percentage of Completion with Interim Loss Russell Custom Builders manufactures commercial building complexes. The following data is available for an airport construction contract: Amount in thousands Contract price: $10,000 2010 2011 2012 Costs incurred each year $1,900 $1,500 $5,000 Estimated costs to complete 3,100 6,000 0 Progress billings 4,000 4,000 2,000 Cash collections 3,000 4,000 3,000 1. Prepare the required entries for all three years under the percentage of completion method and the completed contract methods. See template for ER18-3. 2. Assume now that the project manager miscalculated the building’s window widths and all of the windows had to be reordered. This resulted in significant cost overruns. The costs were as follows: 2010 2011 2012 Costs incurred each year $1,900 $6,200 $2,900 Estimated costs to complete 3,100 2,800 0 Prepare the required entries for 2011 and 2012 under the percentage of completion method and the completed contract methods. See template for ER18-3 Part 2). Page 10 of 10 % Complete Calculations: 1 2 Costs to Year Date Given Given 2010 2011 2012 1,900,000 3,400,000 8,400,000 ER 18. 3 3 Estimated Total Costs Given 5,000,000 9,400,000 8,400,000 4 % Complete =2/3 38. 0% 36. 2% 100. 0% 5 Conrtract Price Given 10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 6 Revenue Recognizable =4*5 3,800,000 3,617,021 10,000,000 7 Less Pys See PY line 3,800,000 3,617,021 8 Current Year =6-7 3,800,000 (182,979) 6,382,979 1 Year Given 2010 2011 2012 Journal Entries: 9 Estimated Profit =5-3 5,000,000 600,000 1,600,000 10 % Complete* =4 above 38. 0% 36. 2% 11 Profit Recognizable =9*10 1,900,000 217,021 12 Less Pys See PY Line 1,900,000 13 Current Year =11-12 1,900,000 (1,682,979) COMPLETED CONTRACT: 2010 2011 1,900,000 1,500,000 (1,900,000) (1,500,000) 4,000,000 (4,000,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 4,000,000 (4,000,000) 4,000,000 (4,000,000) CIP AP AR Billings Cash AR CIP Const Expense Revenue Billings CIP 100. % 1,600,000 217,021 1,382,979 *Note assume 100% of the loss if a loss contract!! 2010 2011 2012 1,900,000 1,500,000 5,000,000 CIP (1,900,000) (1,500,000) (5,000,000) AP 4,000,000 (4,000,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 1,900,000 1,900,000 (3,800,000) 4,000,000 (4,000,000) 4,000,000 (4,000,000) (1,682,979) 1,500,000 182,979 2,000,000 (2,000,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 1,382,979 5,000,000 (6,382,979) 10,000,000 (10,000,000) 2012 AR Billings Cash AR 2012 5,000,000 (5,000,000) 2,000,000 (2,000,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) Const Expense Revenue Billings CIP (4,000,000) 1,900,000 (2,100,000) (8,000,000) 3,400,000 (4,600,000) 8,400,000 (10,000,000) 10,000,000 (8,400,000) 2010 2011 Balance Sheet Presentation: Billings Total (4,000,000) (8,000,000) CIP Total 3,800,000 3,617,021 BS Amount: (200,000) (4,382,979) Billings in excess of Unbilled contract costs Contract Costs Billings in Billings in excess of excess of contract costs contract costs Current Liabilities Current Liabilities Current Liabilities Current Liabilities Title: Section: ER 18. 3 Part 2 % Complete Calculations: 1 2 Costs to Year Date Given Given 2010 2011 2012 1,900,000 8,100,000 11,000,000 3 Estimated Total Costs Given 5,000,000 10,900,000 11,000,000 4 % Complete =2/3 38. 0% 74. 3% 100. 0% 5 Conrtract Price Given 10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 6 Revenue Recognizable =4*5 3,800,000 7,431,193 10,000,000 7 Less Pys See PY line 3,800,000 7,431,193 8 Current Year =6-7 3,800,000 3,631,193 2,568,807 1 Year Given 2010 2011 2012 Journal Entries: Estimated Profit =5-3 5,000,000 (900,000) (1,000,000) 10 % Complete* =4 above 38. 0% 100. 0% 11 Profit Recognizable =9*10 1,900,000 (900,000) 12 Less Pys See PY Line 1,900,000 13 Current Year 2010 Contrstruction Expense: =11-12 6,431,193 1,900,000 (2,800,000) (100,000) COMPLETED CONTRACT: 2010 2011 1,900,000 6,200,000 (1,900,000) (6,200,000) 4,000,000 (4,000,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 4,000,000 (4,000,000) 4,000,000 (4,000,000) 2012 2,900,000 (2,900,000) 2,000,000 (2,000,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 2011 Contruction Expense: 2,668,807 CIP AP AR Billings Cash AR CIP Const Expense Revenue Billings CIP 100. 0% (1,000,000) (900,000) *Note assume 100% of the loss if a loss contract!! 2010 2011 2012 1,900,000 6,200,000 2,900,000 CIP (1,900,000) (6,200,000) (2,900,000) AP 4,000,000 (4,000,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 1,900,000 1,900,000 (3,800,000) 4,000,000 (4,000,000) 4,000,000 (4,000,000) (2,800,000) 6,431,193 (3,631,193) 2,000,000 (2,000,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) (100,000) 2,668,807 (2,568,807) 10,000,000 (10,000,000) 2012 AR Billings Cash AR Const Expense Revenue Loss from contract Billings CIP (4,000,000) 1,900,000 (2,100,000) Billings in excess of contract costs Current Liabilities 900,000 (900,000) (8,000,000) 7,200,000 (800,000) Billings in excess of contract costs Current Liabilities 10,000,000 (10,000,000) 100,000 10,000,000 (10,100,000) 2010 Balance Sheet Presentation: Billings Total (4,000,000) CIP Total 3,800,000 BS Amount: (200,000) 2011 (8,000,000) 7,200,000 (800,000) Title: Billings in Billings in excess of excess of contract costs contract costs Current Liabilities Current Liabilities Section:

Organisational Values case study on Poundland Essay Example

Organisational Values case study on Poundland Essay Example Organisational Values case study on Poundland Essay Organisational Values case study on Poundland Essay Theory Into Practice Project Organization Values Case Study On Poundland Table of content S. NO CONTENT PAGE NO Executive Summary 3 2. Introduction 4 3. A. ) Poundland 4. B. ) Organizational Values of Poundland C. ) Research Question 6. D. ) Research Aim 5 7 E. ) Research Objective 8. F. ) Research Method 9. G. ) What Follows 10. Literature Review 11. A. ) Organizational values 12. B. ) Importance of Organizational Values 13. C. ) Six Organizational values of Poundland 8 14. a. ) Customer First 15. b. ) Keep it simple 16. c. ) Treat every pound as your own 17. d. Recognition and celebration 9 18. e. Individual responsibility for team delivery 19. f. ) Respect each other Methodology 10 21. Result 11 Discussion 14 Conclusion Recommendation 16 24. Reference Bibliography 25. Appendix 17 Executive summary: The report reveals the organizational values importance in an organization. The role of these values in an organization is discussed. The aim and objective of the research is discusse d. The method to achieve the aim is also discussed in detail. Literature reviews were done to prove the importance of organizational values. Six organizational values of Poundland were discussed to prove the impact of rganizational values on individual and personal life . Sampling method is used in this research. Sample data from the colleague is collected from Poundland store and these data are processed. The survey result has been helpful in highlighting the importance of organisational values. The discussion was carried upon the result of the methodology, which was used to prove the necessity of organisational value in an organization. Appropriate recommendations have been given to implement these values in an organisation. Conclusion has been done to state the aim of the research as successfully completed to prove the need for the organisational value in an organisation. The main aim of this research is to evaluate the importance of organization value and why every organization is giving more importance to its organization value. Organization values are an important element in any organization. Before starting an organization, the company makes a clear organization values so the vision and mission of the company is carried forward without any deviation. In this report the organization values are critically analysed and the impact on the employee are also nalysed. The importances of organization values are explored and the impact of the values on the Business is analysed. For this case study POUNDLAND as an organization is been selected and its organization values are discussed in this report. Poundland has six organization values. This report will evaluate the values and impact on the employee and the result on the business. A. ) POUNDLAND: Poundland is Europes biggest single price discount retailer and winner of the 2011 Discount Retailer of the year. It has over 400 stores in the 13K, including Northern Ireland and sells quality top brands and own brand products for all for the single price point of El each, providing customers with amazing value every day. Serving over 4. 5 million customers every week, Poundland is an irresistible shopping experience where shoppers are guaranteed to find over 3000 quality products and over 1000 Top brands, across 17 shopping categories including food and drink, health and beauty, household, gardening, DIY, Pet, Stationery, books, DVDs and toys. With a growth strategy of at least 60 new stores every year, Poundland is again on track to create approximately 2000 new Jobs. B. Organization Values of Poundland: At Poundland, The Company expect every colleague to live the organization values, so it really important that every individual mean by them and know what they can do to show the company that they are up for the challenge. Poundland has six values they are Customers are our business, Keep it simple, Treat Every Pound as Your Own, Recognise and celebrate success, individual responsibility for team delivery and Respect each other. This values had a greater impact on every individual working in Poundland, this motivated in choosing this topic for the research. The real secret ehind the success of Poundland is this strategy of implementing the organizational value in an effective way. C. ) Research Question: This research is dealing with the organizational value and highlighting the importance of organizational values. The report will be fully focused on organizational values and the subject will be within the scope of organizational the business. This report will analyse the strategy of implementing the organizational values will affect the growth of the organization. Discuss the necessity of Organizational values in an organization and highlight the importance of Organizational values. D. ) Research Aim: Research aim is determine the need for organizational values in an organization. The research will also focus on the importance of organizational values and the impact it makes on organization. The aim is to project about organizational values and its importance in an organization. E. Research Objective: To critically evaluate academic and corporate literature in regarding with Organizational Values. To analyse the impact of Organizational Values in an organization and its importance. To examine the benefits that resulted on an organization by adopting Organizational Values. F. ) Research Method: Survey method is used in this research project. Six organizational values where used in the questioner and put across three store of Poundland. Data will be collected and processed and result will highlight the growth in the performance and moral disciplinary of individual in the organization. G. ) What Follows? : This research will continue with Literature review on Organization Values. This chapter will contain the proper definition of Organization values, followed by the importance of organization values. Then measuring Organization values will be discussed, followed by Methodology. The next chapter will follow with discussion to upport the Organizational value in an organization. The conclusion will be followed after the discussion. Literature review: Before moving into the literature review, we need to understand the term called Organizational values. Values are conceptualized as fundamental beliefs and unwritten standards that guide behaviour and Judgment across situation in an organization. Values are defined as fundamental beliefs and assumption that guide individual behaviour and Judgments across situation. Organizationally, values are indicative of the most defining characteristics of an institution. A. )Organizational Values: Organizational Values have long been consideration important to explaining action in and around organization. For instance, organization has been thought to reflect the values of their members, especially their founders and executives. The values must be followed by every individuals, the effective way to implement is that the top management must follow these value. So the values are carried from top to the lower level in an organization. So the action in and around the organization is focused and organization performance. So these values will come into action and the actions are the reflection of these values. These values must be priorities so that even the top management must follow these values in the organization. Organizational Values are a critical element of organizational culture and leadership, impacting both individual and organizational performance. Values have been associated with, for example Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover, trust and performance. The role of organizational values clearly has a role to play in organization performance. This shows that these values can make an impact on the organization performance. This values also impact on the individual performance eading to organization result. These values have impact on Job satisfaction, if the employee is happy with the organization values and this will reflect on employee work environment. If the employee is comfortable with the organization process, then it will reflect in the employee performance. These values must mould the individual internally, so they all can contribute to the organization growth together. Many organizations emphasize promoting values such as openness, trust, autonomy, initiative etc. This can be seen in their mission, vision, and core values statements that they proudly display. The organization projects their mission and vision statement and their values are given more priority. This values are introduce first to any individuals who are about to Join the organization. Every organization creates their own mission and vision statement and they give importance in implementing these core values in the organization. The success of the implementation depends on way the employees are treated. Since employees are the face of any organization, it depends on them to reflect these values. The core values of the organization is very critical, so the message must be properly design that it may enable a employee who orks in the organization to have a clear picture about the mission of the organization. These statements must be simple to understand and must be powerful. The values must be implemented although the organization, so its followed although the organization. It should be so powerful, so every individual must be follow to achieve the organization goal together as a team. In support to the recent literature review, organizations place more emphasis on community problem solving, neighbourhood disorder, local crime rate and fear of crime as they assess the performance of individual officers. The individual personal discipline is moulded by the impact of the organizational values. Since the individual spends most of his time at work, he is living with the organizational values which internally discipline him. The individual maintain these good values within the community where he shares his time. Some values may influence individuals day today activity. These values reflect on the individual to have a self discipline life. This will reflect on the community where lives and for the people around him. These may enable an individual from eliminating bad behaviour and following good values. This will help the individual to have smooth life in the organization. Since the action of the individuals action in and out are reflected by the organizational values. The organizational value plays a major role in an organization and it is a necessity that every organization must have its clear organizational value. The core values are important since without these values there will not be clarity in organization procedure. As the organizations grow by the period, the individual numbers will also grow in an organization. So if every individual takes their own decision because they ont have any guideline to take decision making. So its necessary to give a procedure organizational value, so all the individual inside the organization will bide with these values and contribute to the organizational growth. Organizational values serve many purposes. It sets the tone of the environment, bonds people together, facilitates work behaviour and achievement of shared goals. It also represent the ambitions that people hold for the organization as a living system because values define who and what each person has to offer as a human being to the overall enterprise. Organizational values have been shown to be critical variables in the decision by firms to adopt environmental initiatives. The first author says that the organizational value set the tone of the environment. The value thus has an influence around the individual making a healthy environment around him and binds people. The second author says that the values are critical element in making a decision to adopt environmental initiatives. Thus the values serve as an important environmental element to set a better place to work in the organization. Thus enabling work behaviour in a healthy manner and achieving the organizational oal together. Organizational commitment is a key construct in organizational psychology and has been defined as a psychological link between an employee and his organization that makes it less likely that the employee will voluntarily leave the organization. The researcher says that the individual have a bond with the organization, since the individual have been influenced by the values. This may result in, that the individual from moving out of the organization. Organizational values more supportive of balance also reported greater Joy in work, less Job stress, greater satisfaction with heir Jobs, careers and family, less intent to quit, fewer symptoms and higher levels of emotional well being. The researcher says that the values make a balance in work pressure and satisfaction. The value increases the greater Joy in work and simultaneously decreases the Job stress in the organization. Thus these result in that an individual finds it hard to leave the organization. The importances of the organizational values are discussed by the researcher. These values make a healthy environment in and around the individual in an organization. Thus result in the individual to have a bond between the employees in the rganization. The values discipline the individual to make a sensible environment to work and have a peace of mind. The values give a greater Job satisfaction and allowing the individual to have less stress at work. The individual have less intent to quit since he or she is enjoying the time they spend in the organization. The organizational values are detail discussed and the importances of values are highlighted. There are numerous values from different organization. For this research six values are discussed in this topic. Poundland has six values and these are discussed using literature. Customers Service: Based on service related literature, the authors indicate that empowerment, service training, and service rewards are positively related to Job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Empowerment is a key factor to enhance Job satisfaction and organizational commitment of contact employees, because thereby they obtain the flexibility to make on the spot decision. An effective training program also affects service providers Job environment satisfaction and also increase their organizational commitment. The researcher says that for better service, and customer satisfaction, mpowerment and service training are needed. It has been found that the qualities considered most important by organizational customers are competitiveness, reliability and adaptability. The supplier must demonstrate an ability to resolve the customers problem. The researcher points the importance of understanding the customer requirement to provide a better service and the adaptability to change to situation. IF the requirement is received an accurate solution can be given and this will increase the customer service. This will promote the brand name, fame and reputation of the organisation. Keep it simple: The organisation always wants it values to kept it simple, so it easy to understand and follow them. The values must be designed in such a way that the least individual will be eligible to follow it without any difficulty. This will result in individual performance and in the environment around him or her. So simplicity of the values is really important, that this can be implemented easily in any environment and effective result can be obtained. Treating organization as Your Own: Treating organisation wealth as your own wealth, this will result in proper maintenance of the organisation. If a loose happens to the organisation, if this value is influence on an individual, he or she will automatically find a solution for the problem and try to recover from the fall. So these make the environment to trust Recognise and celebrate success: Recognition is still an important management tool it is slightly different. Usually it is a non financial award given to employees selectively, in appreciation of a high level of behaviour or accomplishment that is not dependent on achievement against a given target. Recognition can be as simple as giving someone feedback on what they have done right. It is about acknowledging effort, commitment and learning, even if the outcomes were not as planned and it is also about, most importantly celebrating success. The researcher says that recognition is need in an organization; it need not be financial benefit, but to recognise the quality of work at right time. This may lead to individual better performance and making a healthy work environment. There is a widespread recognition that the dimensions of performance are broader than financial performance alone, that financial performance indicators measures and make visible only limited aspects of an organisations performance. The author tells that the financial performances have limitation and recognition have broader scope. Recognition must be done at the right time and the success must be celebrated. So this will boost the individual confidence and enabling him to improve his core competency in future. It is necessary that individual success to be celebrated in the organisation, giving him or her a appropriate recognition. Individual responsibility for team delivery: The value of an artificial system lies in its ability to maximize quality of life while minimizing restrictions on individual human freedoms. Each individual have their wn responsibility in the organisation. If they fulfil their responsibility, these internally reflect on their success in the organisation. Abiding with the responsibility is very important for any individual in an organisation. Respect each other: Respect is a thin concept we qualify for respect simply in virtue of our humanity. All who meet this minimal condition are entitled to an equal share of respect. One important difference between esteem and respect is that while esteem is clearly an important good, we are not entitled to it. We cannot demand it of others rather, it must be freely given if is to be genuine. Treat everyone in the organisation as yourself. Do to other what you want the other to do to you. This will make the environment to have a bond between people in the organisation. Respect denotes the belief that the self is valued as a member of the organisation, which can be communicated for instance by Just treatment. Researcher says that the treatment which is share in the environment must be highly respectable and given more Methodology: A convenience sample consisting of 50 sales assistance, across Poundland. This sales assistance contributes around 75 percentage of the employee in each store. The ample are taken in Area 34 in which the following stores are include, Deptford, Greenwich, Peckham, Lewisham, Eltham, Catford and Woolwich. These sales assistance Jobs are to provide customer service, shop floor filling and maintain the sales. They work in warehouse and shop floor equally. The questioner was constructed using 18 values; the questioner table was based on the value table constructed by . The questioner was classified into three major values such as organizational values, personal values and professional values. In organizational values the questioners contain six values which they follow in the organization uring their work. In Personal values the questioner was design to touch the value that impact on their day to day life. In Professional values key elemental values were listed in the table, this is done to prove the impact of the organizational value on the professional life. The collected data were then processed by the team supervisors in order to check the data from the organizational values. Then the corrected data were taken to the store manager to get the approval that the processed data were correct. In the whole process the individual identification was not revealed. The data related o the individual were collect except the personal information such as name was excluded. The feedback was asked to rated in rank the importance of each value on a 7- point Likert scale (1 = the least importance; 7 = the most importance). Figure 1: Values of three components Results: Sample Profile: The questioner was circulated to store in area 34 and the supervisor was given guidelines to how to carry out the questioner section. A week time was given to the colleague to complete the questioner and return back to the supervisor. The colleague was very cooperative and the questioner was returned successfully. The